The IELTS exam assesses your English language proficiency for studying or migrating abroad. IELTS offers two versions of the test - IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training. You can take either, depending on your requirements. IELTS Academic is taken by individuals who want to study abroad, while IELTS General Training is taken by individuals who want to work or migrate abroad. There are four sections in the IELTS exam - Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.
Think of your vocabulary and grammar usage as a toolbox for communication. The more tools you have, the more tasks you can easily tackle. Discussing global news? A sharp synonym for "important" might come in handy. Sharing your daily routine? A colourful verb to describe your morning commute could do the trick.
Similarly, while preparing for the IELTS exam, expanding your English vocabulary and grammar is the key to unlocking effortless conversation and more profound comprehension, whether Listening, Reading, Writing or Speaking.
Practice material to improve grammar and vocabulary for IELTS
Building a Strong Vocabulary for IELTS
To achieve an IELTS band score of 7 and higher, you must be flexible in discussing various topics. You must be able to use uncommon and idiomatic vocabulary, showing that you are aware of style and collocation.
Additionally, being aware of appropriate style and collocation, such as using words that naturally complement each other grammatically (e.g., 'environmental pollution,' 'steep rise,' 'an improvement in'), is imperative. If you find difficulty in accessing precise words, you must be able to paraphrase, enabling effective communication by substituting synonyms or antonyms when necessary. Accessing a range of words and phrases about different topics will make reaching a higher band easier.
Strategies for Effective Vocabulary Learning
Contextual Learning through Reading and Listening: Immerse yourself in authentic English materials to grasp words in context, promoting better retention and application. Example: Read articles, essays, or academic texts related to IELTS topics to understand how words are naturally used in sentences.
Using Flashcards and Mnemonics: Create flashcards with the target word on one side and its definition, usage, or a mnemonic on the other. For example, for the word "ephemeral," create a flashcard with a sentence like "The beauty of a sunset is ephemeral, lasting only for a short time."
Incorporating New Words into Daily Conversation and Writing: Integrate newly learned words into daily speech and writing to solidify understanding and usage. Example: Use IELTS vocabulary words during discussions with language partners or incorporate them into essays and journal entries.
Commonly Tested Vocabulary Themes in IELTS
Academic Vocabulary: IELTS often assesses a range of academic vocabulary, including terms widely used in educational settings. Example: Words like "pedagogy," "curriculum," or "scholarly" may appear in reading passages or writing prompts.
Synonyms and Paraphrasing: Test-takers should be adept at identifying synonyms and paraphrasing, as these skills are often tested in both the Reading and Listening sections. Example: If "efficient" is used in a passage, a synonym like "productive" might be employed as a distractor in multiple-choice questions.
Common IELTS Topics: Vocabulary related to prevalent IELTS themes such as technology, environment, health, and education are frequently tested. Example: Familiarity with words like "sustainable," "innovative," or "malnutrition" is essential for addressing a range of topics.
Adjectives for Description: Enhancing descriptive vocabulary is essential for painting vivid images in Writing and Speaking tasks. Example: Instead of using a primary adjective like "good," opt for more descriptive words like "commendable," "exceptional," or "noteworthy."
Collocations and Phrasal Verbs: IELTS emphasises natural language usage, including common collocations and phrasal verbs. Example: Knowing how to use phrasal verbs like "point out" or collocations like "draw attention to" adds fluency to both writing and speaking.
Formal and Informal Language: Test-takers should be able to distinguish between formal and informal language, understanding when each is appropriate. Example: Knowing when to use formal terms like "consequently" in an academic essay and informal terms like "so" in casual conversation is vital.
Idiomatic Expressions: Familiarity with idioms enhances language proficiency, especially in the Speaking and Writing sections. Example: Understanding and appropriately using idioms like "the ball is in your court" can elevate the quality of communication.
Numeric Expressions: Vocabulary related to numerical expressions and statistics is often featured in the Reading and Listening sections. Example: Terms like "a substantial increase," "a sharp decline," or "a significant percentage" may be used to describe data trends.
By incorporating these strategies and themes into your vocabulary-building efforts, you'll enhance your language skills and increase your readiness for the specific challenges posed by the IELTS exam.
Additional Read: Vocabulary for IELTS Speaking
Enhancing your Grammar for IELTS
Grammar significantly affects your speaking, reading, and overall language comprehension. Although the IELTS test doesn't have a designated grammar section, a strong understanding of grammar fundamentals is essential for success in the Writing and Speaking sections. Moreover, a proficient grasp of grammar remains important for achieving proficiency in the Listening and Reading sections of the test.
Let’s examine how you can enhance your grammar skills for IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training.
IELTS Academic
Grammar is an important aspect of the IELTS Academic test, which evaluates your English proficiency in an academic setting. Given that academic language tends to be more formal than everyday English, it is imperative to grasp the fundamentals of academic writing.
Consider the following tips for maintaining proper grammar in academic writing:
Familiarise yourself with the appropriate usage of the active and passive voices. While the active voice is generally more concise, formal writing may necessitate using the passive voice.
Pay close attention to proper punctuation and understand when and how to use colons, semicolons, apostrophes, parentheses, and other punctuation marks, which are essential for academic writing.
Ensure accuracy in verb tense usage, as it plays a pivotal role in effectively conveying past events, future occurrences, and potential outcomes, which are important elements in academic texts.
Learn more: IELTS Academic Practice Tests
IELTS General Training
The IELTS General Training test assesses your English proficiency in real-life, practical situations encountered in both work and social settings. Here are some valuable tips for everyday grammar:
Mastering Sentence Structure: Achieving proficiency in sentence structure can be challenging, but using varied and natural sentence constructions significantly enhances your comfort with the language.
Understanding Sentence Order: It is important to grasp the correct order of words in a sentence, as this is widely used in everyday speech. Ensure clarity in expressing your thoughts by adhering to proper sentence structure.
Noting Idiomatic Expressions: Pay close attention to idioms—expressions commonly used in everyday communication, such as 'get the ball rolling' or 'touch base.' Familiarity with these idiomatic phrases enhances your ability to use informal language effectively.
Learn more: IELTS General Training Practice Tests
Practice Grammar for IELTS
While having a strong foundation in English grammar overall is beneficial, it's advisable to concentrate on specific areas to refine your grammar skills specifically for the IELTS examination. Let’s discuss these in more detail:
Sentence Structures and Forms
Mastering a variety of sentence structures is important, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Familiarise yourself with these structures to enhance your performance in the IELTS test.
Word Order
The correct arrangement of words significantly impacts your English proficiency. Follow this guideline for constructing sentences: subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + object + adverb of time. Ensure proper word order to convey your message effectively.
For example, Correct: They studied Psychology for four years. Incorrect: They for four years studied Psychology.
For questions, use the format: auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + object.
For example, Correct: Have you studied Psychology? Incorrect: You have studied Psychology?
Know Your Tenses
Mastery of English tenses—past, present, and future—is essential for success in the IELTS Writing and Speaking tests. Understand and use various tense forms, such as simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple future, and future continuous.
For example,
Past tense: I took my Psychology test yesterday.
Present tense: I am taking my Psychology test today.
Future tense: I will take my Psychology test tomorrow.
Punctuation
Proper punctuation is important for the Writing test, influencing sentence meaning. Avoid common errors like inadequate use of commas or using too many commas, as they can alter the intended meaning. Pay attention to details like its/it's and their/they're for accurate expression.
For instance,
Correct: Abhishek likes cooking, football, and reading. Incorrect: Abhishek likes cooking football and reading.
Correct: Abhishek played football, then went for a walk with his dog. Incorrect: Abhishek played, football, then went for a walk, with his dog.
Use 'its' or 'their' for possessive pronouns, and 'it’s' or 'they’re' if the words can be replaced by 'it is' or 'they are.'
Passive and Active Voice
Understand the distinction between passive and active voice. The active voice is direct and engaging, suitable for speech and communication. The passive voice, more formal, is often apt for academic or professional writing. Use them appropriately to convey the desired tone in your writing and speaking.
For example,
Active: The cat chased the mice. Passive: The mice were chased by the cat.
Active: Diya will present the final presentation tomorrow. Passive: The final presentation will be presented tomorrow by Diya.
Access IDP’s IELTS Familiarisation Tests to be familiar with the test format and question types.
How is Grammar assessed for IELTS?
The assessment of the Writing and Speaking sections in IELTS involves evaluating candidates based on four distinct descriptors, one of which is grammar.
IELTS Writing Module
In the Writing section, candidates are scored across four descriptors:
Task achievement (evaluating how effectively your response addresses the task requirements)
Coherence and cohesion (assessing the flow and organisation of your written text)
Lexical resource (evaluating your use of vocabulary and spelling)
Grammatical range and accuracy (appraising your proficiency in grammar)
Band | Grammatical range and accuracy |
|---|---|
9 | A broad spectrum of structures related to the task is employed with complete flexibility and mastery. Punctuation and grammar are consistently applied appropriately. Occasional minor errors are rare and have negligible impact on the overall communication. |
8 | A diverse array of structures relevant to the task is employed with flexibility and precision. Many sentences are devoid of errors, and punctuation is skillfully handled. While occasional and non-systematic errors or inaccuracies may arise, their impact on communication is minimal. |
7 | A diverse array of intricate structures is employed with flexibility and precision. Overall, there is control over grammar and punctuation, resulting in frequent error-free sentences. While a few grammatical errors may still be present, they do not hinder the overall clarity of communication. |
6 | The writing incorporates a combination of simple and complex sentence structures; however, the ability to vary sentence construction is somewhat constrained. While more intricate sentence forms are present, they may not exhibit the same precision as the simpler structures. Occasional errors in grammar and punctuation are noted, though they seldom hinder the overall clarity of communication. |
5 | The variety of sentence structures is constrained and tends to be repetitive. While attempts are made at constructing complex sentences, they often exhibit flaws, with the highest level of accuracy observed in simpler sentences. Grammatical errors may occur frequently, posing potential challenges for the reader. Issues with punctuation may be evident. |
4 | The writing uses only a few different sentence structures. There are not many complex sentences, and most sentences are simple. While some structures are correct, frequent grammar mistakes can make it challenging to understand the meaning. Punctuation is often incorrect or lacking. |
3 | The sentence forms are attempted, but there are many errors in grammar and punctuation, especially if it's not a memorised phrase or taken from the original text. Because of these errors, it's hard to understand the intended meaning. The sentences might be too short to show a good command of sentence structures. |
2 | There isn't much or any proof of using different sentence structures, except when relying on memorised phrases. |
1 | Answers with 20 words or less receive a Band 1 rating. If there's no understandable language, no rating is assigned. |
0 | The test taker did not attempt the questions. |
IELTS Speaking Module
In the IELTS Speaking section, your performance is evaluated based on four aspects:
Fluency and Coherence: This measures how well others can understand what you're trying to say.
Lexical Resource: It assesses your ability to use language and idioms correctly.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: This looks at the variety and correctness of your sentence structures.
Pronunciation: This evaluates how well others can understand your speech.
Band | Grammatical range and accuracy |
|---|---|
9 | The structures are always precise and accurate, except for occasional errors that are typical in the speech of native speakers. |
8 | Uses a variety of sentence structures effectively. Most sentences are free of errors. Some occasional mistakes and non-systematic errors may occur. A few simple errors might still be present. |
7 | Various sentence structures are employed with flexibility. Error-free sentences are common. Effective use of simple and complex sentences is demonstrated, albeit with some errors. A few basic errors still exist. |
6 | Frames sentences that are a combination of short and complex forms using various structures with some limitations in flexibility. While there are often things that could be improved in complex structures, they seldom hinder overall communication. |
5 | Simple sentences are generally accurate. While there's an effort to use more complex structures, the range is limited, errors are common, and sometimes, the sentences must be rephrased for clarity. |
4 | Can frame simple sentences and some short statements without mistakes. Longer sentence structures are uncommon; generally, the expressions are brief, often repetitive, with frequent errors. |
3 | Simple sentence structures are tried, but there are many grammatical mistakes, except when expressions seem memorised. |
2 | Basic sentence formations need to be more evident. |
1 | Language proficiency will only be assessed if it is memorised. |
0 | The test taker did not answer the questions. |
Tips for IELTS Preparation
1. Time Management
Listening Section
Preview Questions: Quickly skim through the questions before the audio begins to focus on what to listen for.
Note-Taking: Utilise the provided time to preview questions and take quick notes while listening to the audio.
Multi-Tasking: Practice listening while reading and anticipating the information to manage time efficiently.
Reading Section
Skimming and Scanning: Develop skimming and scanning skills to locate key information in passages quickly.
Time Allocation: Allocate specific time for each passage and question set, ensuring completion within the time frame.
Answer Order: Answer questions in the order they appear in the test; don't spend too much time on a single question.
Writing Section
Planning: Dedicate a few minutes to plan your essay or report before writing.
Time Division: Allocate time wisely between Task 1 and Task 2, considering the word count requirements.
Proofreading: Reserve time at the end to review and correct any grammatical errors or improve vocabulary.
Speaking Section
Familiarise Yourself: Practice responding to common speaking topics to build confidence.
Timing Practice: Time your responses during practice sessions to ensure you can express your ideas within the given timeframe.
Concise Answers: Provide clear and concise responses to the examiner's questions without unnecessary elaboration.
2. Balancing Vocabulary and Grammar Proficiency During the Test
Listening and Reading Sections
Focus on Understanding: Prioritize comprehension over intricate vocabulary; ensure you understand the main ideas.
Vocabulary Reinforcement: Use a range of vocabulary within your comfort zone to convey ideas accurately.
Grammar Clarity: Focus on using grammatical structures that you are confident in; avoid unnecessary complexity.
Writing Section
Varied Vocabulary: Incorporate a varied vocabulary to demonstrate language proficiency.
Grammar Accuracy: Pay attention to grammar usage to convey ideas clearly.
Balance Complexity: Aim for a balance between complexity and clarity in sentence structures.
Speaking Section
Expressive Vocabulary: Showcase a diverse vocabulary to enhance your spoken responses.
Pronunciation Clarity: Emphasize clear pronunciation to ensure your range of vocabulary is understood.
Grammatical Correctness: While spontaneity is crucial, maintain grammatical accuracy in your spoken responses.
3. Common Mistakes to Avoid in the IELTS Exam
Listening Section
Overreliance on Transcript: Avoid relying solely on the transcript; practice listening without it to improve real-time understanding.
Lack of Note-Taking: Develop effective note-taking skills to capture essential details during the listening test.
Reading Section
Slow Reading Pace: Practice reading efficiently to avoid getting stuck on individual words or passages.
Ignoring Instructions: Carefully read and follow instructions to avoid losing marks due to oversight.
Writing Section
Insufficient Planning: Resist the urge to start writing immediately; plan your essay or report for a few minutes.
Ignoring Word Count: Stay within the specified word count to ensure your responses are concise and focused.
Speaking Section
Overthinking: Speak naturally and avoid overthinking responses; clarity is more crucial than complexity.
Monotone Delivery: Aim for expressive and varied intonation to engage the examiner; avoid a monotonous tone.
To achieve a high IELTS band score, you can access IDP’s IELTS Preparation material and IELTS practice test videos.
Conclusion
The significance of a strong vocabulary and grammar cannot be overstated in the context of IELTS success. These two elements help in effective communication, influencing performance across all exam sections. Understanding difficult passages in the reading part, expressing thoughts clearly in writing, or speaking fluently all depend on having good vocabulary and grammar skills. These are essential for getting a high IELTS band score.